Clustering is usually defined as the use of two or more motors in a single stage which are ignited at the same time. Igniting motors at different times, air-starting, can be considered as a type of clustering as well as a form of staging.
Clustering can be used to provide greater initial thrust for heavier or draggier rockets.
The basics of clustering are described in "Cluster Techniques" (TR-6) which you can download as a PDF from Estes as a part "The Classic Collection ," a collection of classic Technical Reports from Estes.
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